If you rely on canned cold brew for a quick morning pick-me-up as you dash out the door for work, you should check the fine print on the label today. A popular coffee distributor out of Green Bay, WI is recalling almost 300 products sold across the country due to the potential presence of botulinum toxin, a deadly toxin.

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According to a June 17 press release from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Snapchill Coffee’s current process could lead to the “growth and production” of botulinum toxin in low-acid canned foods.

The 288 recalled products are sold nationwide through “various coffee roasters and retail locations,” the press release states, as well as online at Snapchill.com. The products were sold under a variety of roaster and brand names in metal cans ranging in size between 7 oz. and 12 oz. You can identify the products by the words “Produced and distributed by Snapchill LLC” underneath the nutrition facts panel, or “Snapchill Coffee” on the label.

You can see a full list of the recalled products here.

If you’ve purchased any of the affected products, you should destroy them or return them to either the place of purchase or Snapchill. According to the release, Snapchill will offer full refunds for any of the recalled products as long as you have appropriate proof of purchase. If you choose to destroy the products, taking a picture of them first can be used as proof of purchase for a refund.

For more information about the return process you can email [email protected] or call (920) 632-6018 Monday through Friday between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Central Time.

People who ingest botulinum toxin could be affected by botulism, a potentially fatal type of food poisoning. According to the World Health Organization, symptoms of botulism include:

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Vertigo
• Blurred vision
• Dry mouth
• Difficulty swallowing and speaking
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Abdominal swelling

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately.

For more wellness updates, subscribe to The Healthy by Reader’s Digest newsletter and follow The Healthy on Facebook and Instagram. Keep reading:

• What Is a Recall, and Why Do They Happen? An Expert Explains
• Nearly 35,000 Estrogen Supplements Have Been Recalled Nationwide
• Prepared Sandwiches Were Just Recalled in at Least 5 U.S. States
• A Popular Brand Just Recalled 168,000 Frozen Breakfast Items in 17 States

About half of US adults spend less than five hours outside each week, according to The Nature of Americans, a 2017 study led by leading experts and organizations in environmental and social science that examined how Americans connect with nature. In recent years, with more and more people working from home, spending their free time relaxing with a good binge-watching session or opting for meal delivery over dinner at a restaurant, we’re becoming increasingly indoor creatures.

However, that comes at a hefty cost for our health. The benefits of fresh air and sunlight are comprehensive, and you can likely feel its effects on factors like your mood, mental wellness, immune system and skin. You might not realize, though, how deep the health benefits of time in nature can run.

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A new systematic review and meta-analysis published in Environmental Research examined 26 studies to identify how “activities, programs or strategies taking place in natural settings,” called nature-based interventions, can improve someone’s health. These nature-based interventions included various outdoor activities, from gardening and exercising outside to forest bathing and ecotherapy.

The researchers observed the effects of nature-based interventions on a total of 16 physical health conditions, classifying them as:

• Cardiovascular conditions
• Central nervous system conditions
• Endocrine conditions
• Musculoskeletal conditions
• Respiratory conditions

They also assessed the impact on health-related quality of life, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index.

By 2050, 60% of US adults could be affected by heart disease and stroke, according to a June 2024 announcement from the American Heart Association (AHA). “The last decade has seen a surge of cardiovascular risk factors such as uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity, each of which raises the risks of developing heart disease and stroke,” Dhruv S. Kazi, MD, MS, associate director of the Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology and director of the cardiac critical care unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, says in the AHA’s press release. So how can we manage those risk factors?

Eating a heart-healthy diet and getting regular exercise are great ways to start taking control of your cardiovascular wellness, but making comprehensive lifestyle changes can be daunting. If you want to start small, new research out of China suggests that reducing your risk of stroke could be as simple as taking a certain daily supplement.

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Prior research indicates that a deficiency in vitamin D could raise your risk of heart disease, with cardiologists even telling The Healthy by Reader’s Digest that prioritizing vitamin D in their diet is one of the primary habits they’ve formed to protect their heart health. Now, a June 2024 meta-analysis published in Brain and Behavior reveals that the protection could also extend to reducing stroke risk.

The researchers reviewed 27 studies involving 45,302 participants. Twenty of those studies focused on vitamin D levels and the risk of stroke, and seven focused on vitamin D levels and stroke prognosis.

The researchers observed that people with low vitamin D levels had a 28% higher risk of having a stroke and nearly three times the risk of a poor recovery after a stroke. Though there was no significant link between low vitamin D levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke or bleeding in the brain, there was a strong connection between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of ischemic stroke caused by blood clots.

If you’re a fan of quick and easy breakfast options, peek inside your freezer to ensure two popular products from a certain “healthy” brand aren’t lurking toward the back. Nature’s Path Organic Foods is recalling 13,615 cases with 12 units each of their frozen waffles due to potential trace amounts of undeclared peanuts, posing a serious risk for those with peanut allergies.

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The affected products include Nature’s Path pumpkin spice and dark chocolate chip waffles. They were exclusively sold in the US at major retailers such as Target and Whole Foods Market and were distributed in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Floria, Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Maryland, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin.

The affected pumpkin spice waffles have a best-before date of October 24, 2023, a lot code of 2C110242 and a UPC of 0 5844959077 4.

The recalled dark chocolate chip waffles have a best-before date of October 26, 2023, a lot code of 2C110262 and a UPC of 0 5844916701 3.

The lots codes can be found on the bottom flap of each box.

The FDA categorizes this as a Class II recall.

According to a press release, no illnesses or allergic reactions have been reported, but the recall is being issued out of an abundance of caution. The release claims the issue arose from a manufacturing error by an external partner that produces these products for Nature’s Path.

If you have purchased these waffles, you should return them to the retailer where you bought them for a refund. If you have any questions or concerns, you can contact Nature’s Path consumer services by calling 1-866-880-7284 from Monday to Friday between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. PST or by emailing [email protected].

No other Nature’s Path products or batches are impacted by this recall. If you or someone you know has a peanut allergy, it’s critical to avoid these specific batches to prevent any risk of a serious or life-threatening allergic reaction.

• What Is a Recall, and Why Do They Happen? An Expert Explains
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• 6 Easy-to-Miss Signs You Might Have a Food Allergy

In 2016, Simone Biles gave an interview revealing one of the secrets behind her ambition: “At the beginning of the year, my mom would always make me write down goals on a piece of paper and take it to her,” she said. “That’s kind of how I always was very well-driven, because I always had the next goal in mind.”

Then age 19, she was referring to Nellie Biles, who adopted Simone in her toddler years and raised her alongside Simone’s maternal grandfather, Ron Biles. Their ways of parenting raised a champion and inarguably required sacrifice. As Simone, now 27, prepares for the 2024 Olympic Trials starting June 27, Mrs. Biles is stepping into the spotlight—but not for herself. In partnership with Mounjaro, the tirzepatide injectable for diabetes that’s also being prescribed off-label for weight loss, Mrs. Biles is opening up about her experience living type 2 diabetes. While a representative tells us Nellie does not take Mounjaro, Mrs. Biles says she wants to encourage others to speak with their doctor about available treatment options.

That led to a spirited early-June conversation with this remarkable mother figure who raised a family valuing self-discipline and self-care—but most of all, care for each other.

The Healthy by Reader’s Digest: Thanks for joining us today, Mrs. Biles. This has to be a thrilling time for you. Please tell us: What is an Olympic summer like for the family of Simone Biles?

Nellie Biles: (Laughs.) I must say, exciting. It’s hard sometimes to put into words—I mean everyone is so excited: Excited about the competition, excited about the fact that we know somebody, or we believe we know someone leading right now, because we are definitely going to trials in two weeks. It’s exciting [not only for] Simone, but we have four other girls from the gym that are going to be competing at trials. So my prayer and wish is that we have two on the Olympic team, and also one as an alternate. Am I asking for much? (Laughs.)

The Healthy: We think the mother of Simone Biles is allowed to ask for much! Anyone with a loved one who’s type 2 diabetic intimately knows that it can take the love of family to navigate the condition. What role did taking care of everybody else play in the development of that? Is that something you can speak to?

Mrs. Biles: Well, I must say that I received my type 2 diabetes diagnosis in my early fifties—so when I think back to that time, that definitely was a defining moment for me. In a way I was not surprised, simply because I do have family members that also have type 2 diabetes. Now, here I am, this was back then when I was diagnosed, and I know how hard I worked to do all the right things in terms of eating properly and exercising, consulting with my physician to make sure that I do the right thing to maintain my A1C level. So that was a lot of work for me.

And yet, besides me doing the proper things for my health, there’s also a family that still needs to be taken care of. My family are definitely aware of the fact that I have type 2 diabetes, and so our lifestyle has changed somewhat.

I cook healthy foods and I definitely make sure that for me, I manage my portion size. So when I am cooking, when I’m serving food—I mean the main thing is to try and make sure that what we do as a family doesn’t change.

The Healthy: Are your kids supportive in recognizing the adjustments you’ve had to make over the years?

Mrs. Biles: They are supportive. One example of support is when we travel, and before we get on the airplane and Simone is picking up her junk to snack on the plane, she will pick up things for me—but she will make sure that they’re healthy options that she’s choosing for me so that I could also have something to snack on.

Again, eating healthy, we pretty much do that in the family, but making sure that we eat at the right times and that we’re not going for hours and hours before we get something to eat because it’s important with the timing—at least for me it is. So she is mindful of that.

I will say that what I admire is the fact Simone is consistent and she’s dedicated to her sport. So when I’m watching her, I can see that she is achieving her goal with that dedication and with that consistency. So I sort of try to mirror that with what I do in terms of my lifestyle to make sure that I myself am also consistent—with my eating habits and my exercise, with making sure that I follow up and consult with my physician to make sure that I again achieve my goals, which would be to maintain my A1C level.

The Healthy: Hoping that all goes well at the trials, will you plan to go to Paris?

Mrs. Biles: Definitely so. Yes, without a doubt. Matter of fact, there are family members that are planning on going to Paris if all goes well.

The Healthy: How do you manage when you’re on the road, even considering factors like changes in time zones?

Mrs. Biles: When I’m on the road, I try to still again be consistent with what I do. I think by doing that, things are not really hard to manage. I mean exercise—not that I’m looking for a treadmill or any equipment—but just mere walking. Let’s just for example say that we end up in Paris: Walking would be something that I definitely will be doing. I love walking because that’s one of the things that I do pretty consistently. So that would not be a problem.

And again, eating healthy, you could go to a restaurant, you could go to a store wherever you go. You just have to make sure that the choices that you are making are healthy choices and that should not be difficult to make.

It’s a lot of hard work to make sure that you’re consistent with your diet and … not to forget working with your physician.

The Healthy: Good luck at trials and beyond, Mrs. Biles. We’re cheering right along with you.

Mrs. Biles: I thank you very much.

For more wellness updates, subscribe to The Healthy by Reader’s Digest newsletter and follow The Healthy on Facebook and Instagram. Keep reading:

• Can You Reverse Diabetes? Expert Doctors Explain
• Does Walking Lower Blood Pressure? Here’s What a Cardiologist Says
• Study: Walking Daily Can Reduce Your Diabetes Risk by 74%

This interview was edited for length and clarity.

There’s something nostalgic about hopping out of the pool on a hot day—your hair a little brittle as it dries in the sun (maybe even a little lighter); that crispy-clean smell on your skin. If you recognize these sensations, Jennifer Lucas, MD, MHCM, a dermatologist with the Cleveland Clinic, confirms that pool water affects your skin and hair in specific ways—including possible damage.

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“Chlorine is a great product for your pool because it helps disinfect it, right?” Dr. Lucas says in a statement to The Healthy by Reader’s Digest. “It keeps bacterial counts down … [chlorine] keeps it looking clear and more sanitary. The problem,” she says, “is that it’s also very drying.”

But, Dr. Lucas adds, the impacts can escalate from there. She explains the chlorine in pools can also cause irritant contact dermatitis, a rash that’s triggered by an irritating substance. According to the Cleveland Clinic, symptoms of a contact dermatitis rash include:

• A dark, red or purple color
• Swollen
• Hive-like texture
• Bumpy with a small cluster of pimples or blisters
• Oozing fluid or pus
• Burning or stinging
• Flaky
• Itchy

Dr. Lucas recommends that if you notice a contact dermatitis rash on your body after a dip in the pool, avoid scratching it—breaking the skin could lead to infection. You can treat the rash with over-the-counter medication (talk with a doctor or pharmacist for a recommendation). However if symptoms worsen, or if they persist for several days, you should check in with your primary care doctor.

Chlorine can also strip your hair of natural oils, creating that crackly feeling, and it may affect your eyes and nails in the same way.

To combat these issues, Dr. Lucas recommends a few tips:

• Getting your skin and hair wet before you enter the pool water can prevent them from absorbing as much chlorine.
• Using sunscreen can help moisturize and form a protective barrier from the pool water chemicals.
• A protective hair mask—similar to a leave-in conditioner—can protect you from chlorine’s drying effects.
• A swimming cap and goggles can also be helpful to protect not only your hair, but your scalp and the thin skin around your eyes, too.
• Most importantly, Dr. Lucas emphasizes that you should shower when you’re out of the pool: “All that chlorine is on you; you don’t want it to sit and continue to cause irritation,” she says. “So, you want to get in, take a shower, use a gentler cleanser to get that pool water off of you.”
• Afterward, “moisturizing is really important,” she says. “All of that oil you’ve just stripped off your skin, you want to put it back on.” In particular she recommends products containing ceramides or alpha-hydroxy acids to help your skin recover—and help you hold on to that refreshed feeling from your swim.

• I Swam Every Day for a Year—Here’s What Happened
• New Study: This Is the Precise Amount of Water To Drink for Juicy-Looking Skin
• At Age 5, He Almost Drowned—Now Olympian Cullen Jones Wants Our Kids To Have Swim Lessons
• New Study: This Unlikely Exercise Can Give You Gorgeous Skin

It feels like you can’t scroll without the promise of beauty products and surgical procedures to prolong your youth for years to come—at least on the surface. But apart from being mindful of sun exposure, the scientific problems with aging often come from within. Similar to an anti-aging face cream that works to slough away wrinkles, an approach called “geroscience” aims to slow aging and protect your body from disease.

According to the National Institute on Aging, the geroscience hypothesis is that most chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and arthritis, among many others, are impacted by aging, so addressing the aging process therapeutically is the best way to prevent all that.

Most research around how to delay aging has focused on drugs and supplements, but a new study authored by researchers from top universities in Japan and California is shining a light on the role diet and nutrition can play in slowing down your biological clock.

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The May 2024 study published in Frontiers in Nutrition included 144 men aged between 65 and 72 years. Participants shared details on their smoking and drinking habits, fitness levels, socioeconomic situation, and dietary habits. The researchers also took blood samples from participants and used “epigenetic clocks,” which calculated biological age based on a combination of health markers such as glucose levels, red and white blood cell counts, and more.

The researchers identified two dietary patterns the participants followed: One, which they referred to as the “Western-style dietary pattern,” was characterized by a high intake of meat, processed meats, eggs and mayonnaise-based dressings. The other was called the “healthy Japanese dietary pattern,” characterized by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, seaweed and “natto,” or fermented soybeans.

The study revealed that participants who followed a healthy Japanese dietary pattern showed signs of slower biological aging. This was true even after accounting for other factors like BMI, smoking, drinking and exercise habits.

These results suggest that a healthy Japanese diet may help delay aging, while a Western diet did not seem to show the same benefit.

The study authors hail previous research which has also shown that dietary programs like the DASH and Mediterranean diets can help slow aging and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, too—so whether you want to sample some natto or eat more “good” fats, international foods can inspire some healthy experimentation.

• New 20-Year Study: Replacing TV with This Could Increase Your Odds of Aging Without Sickness by Almost 30%
• People Who Did This One Thing at Age 50 Were the Healthiest at Age 80
• 15 Signs Your Body Is Aging Faster Than You Are
• Experts Say Most People Who Live to 100 Years Old Share This One Thing in Common

You’ve probably heard that regularly practicing memory exercises, eating brain-boosting foods and taking certain supplements as you age can help keep your mind sharp for years to come, protecting against the forgetfulness that comes with deteriorating diseases like dementia.

However, that protection doesn’t have to begin with those healthy habits you form when you get older. New research from top universities around the world reveals that the lifestyle decisions you make from a young age—especially concerning education—can influence how at-risk you are for developing dementia and when symptoms might begin.

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The April 2024 review published in Demographic Research sought to examine how different levels of education impacted the age and likelihood of dementia onset. To do this, the researchers used data between 2000-2016 from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement study, “a nationally representative longitudinal study of older adults in the United States,” according to the review.

The review included 15,988 adults, 3,581 of whom at some point experienced dementia symptoms. The researchers looked at the age at which most people first showed symptoms, analyzing whether it differed by education level, race and gender. This helped them understand if having more education was linked to a later and more predictable age of developing dementia, regardless of someone’s race or gender.

They found that overall, people who did not complete high school had a “significantly higher” risk of developing dementia at a younger age, with most people at that education level displaying symptoms before the age of 65. In contrast, people with a college diploma typically experienced dementia onset around age 85.

People without a high school degree were also “dramatically” more at risk of developing dementia in their lifetime at all, with women slightly more at risk than men. Men without a high school education had a 41.83% lifetime risk of dementia, compared to 21.62% for men who graduated from college. Women without a high school diploma had a 45.43% lifetime risk of dementia, compared to 26.52% for women who graduated college.

The researchers did find a disparity in risk depending on race, noting in the review that “the lifetime risk of even college-educated Black adults is similar to that of white adults with only a high school diploma.” Overall, white adults who only graduated high school had a 28.02% lifetime dementia risk, while those who graduated college had a 23.36% lifetime dementia risk. Meanwhile, Black adults with just a high school education had a 44.15% risk of developing dementia, compared to 29.78% for Black adults who completed college.

Still, the research makes it crystal clear: The more education you get, the better protected you’ll likely be from dementia down the road. Finishing high school, going to college or obtaining an advanced degree can dramatically reduce your lifetime risk of developing dementia and delay those first symptoms of memory loss until much later in life. While inequalities in dementia risk exist across race and gender, education appears to be a powerful equalizer that can safeguard your brain.

• This Is the Difference Between Dementia and Alzheimer’s
• 14 Everyday Habits Can Seriously Increase Your Dementia Risk
• 14 Weird Brain Exercises That Help You Get Smarter
• 15 Everyday Habits of People with an Impressive Memory

Maybe you’ve heard about the health risks of sitting too much, but a new study underscores how important it truly is not to be overly sedentary—particularly in front of the television.

A June 2024 longitudinal study published in a journal of the American Medical Association found that spending too much time watching TV can have a negative effect on lifespan. A team of public health doctors relied on data which had tracked more than 45,000 participants aged 50 years and older starting in 1992 for two decades. An analysis revealed a marked association between viewing habits and rates of advanced aging.

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According to the newly published results, the researchers examined the differences between sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity related to how they influenced aging. They defined “healthy aging” as living to at least 70 years old without major chronic diseases and maintaining good physical, mental and cognitive health.

Light-intensity physical activities included standing or walking around at home or work, while moderate-to-vigorous activities included the following:

• Walking
• Jogging
• Running
• Biking
• Tennis
• Squash or racquetball
• Lap swimming
• Calisthenics, aerobics, aerobic dance, or using a rowing machine
• Yoga, stretching, or toning
• Lawn mowing

The results were eye-opening: Every additional two hours per day spent watching TV was linked with a 12% reduction in the odds of aging free of chronic disease or diminishment of cognitive faculties. Further, incorporating more light physical activity, such as standing or walking around at work, was associated with a 6% increase in the odds of healthy aging.

The study also suggested that swapping just one hour of TV time for light physical activities at home or work could improve your chances of healthy aging by eight to 10%. The real whopper was the finding that replacing that hour with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity can boost your odds of healthy aging by 28%.

And if you’re someone who finds yourself watching movies or re-runs into the wee hours of the night, here’s some extra motivation to head to bed at a disciplined time: The study also found that replacing TV time with additional sleep could enhance healthy aging. This indicates that not only is reducing sedentary behavior important, but ensuring adequate sleep is also crucial for maintaining good health as we age.

Summer’s the perfect time to get moving, whether that’s just a walk at lunch or an hour on the treadmill in air conditioning—and even though the daylight lasts longer, you might consider sundown a good time to wind down.

• Here’s How Much TV May Increase Your Dementia Risk, Says New Study
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• Watching Too Much TV Raises Your Risk of This Bathroom Issue, Says New Study
• Experts Say Most People Who Live to 100 Years Old Share This One Thing in Common

Times keep changing, and one area where that’s most evident is in our personal lives. Our intimate relationships—past, present, and future—are relevant to wide-sweeping conversations such as the political tension related to reproductive autonomy and the dating challenges many younger adults report they’re facing in a post-pandemic, increasingly tech-driven world.

So, whether your history of past sexual partners makes you feel sheepish or self-assured, chances are good many Americans can relate. Speaking of…new data published today offers a hint into how our love lives are tracking. It might not be the most politically correct term, but it’s being referred to as your “body count”—that is, how many bodies your own body has intimately interacted with.

The OG intimate toy company, Adam & Eve, are reporting out the results of their annual sex survey. A representative for the brand informs us the web-based questionnaire was administered via Survey Monkey as an independent third party, with 1,033 participants sharing their sexual histories. Respondents were all age 18 and older and based in the United States, with 65% of survey participants reporting their relationship status as married. Forty-seven percent were female, and 52% were male.

The findings might give a new meaning to the term “personal data”: Results suggest nearly 10% of individuals polled said they’d never had sex, while 35% said they’d been with one partner. Forty-three percent reported between two to 10 partners, and 7% had been with 11 to 25 partners. Just over 4% said they’d had intercourse with 26 to 40, 2% said they had 41 to 75, 3% reported 76 to 100 partners, and 3% reported more than 100 partners.

The main takeaways, from Dr. Jenni Skyler, PhD, LMFT, C-PST, licensed marriage and family therapist, certified sex therapist, board-certified sex researcher and a spokesperson for Adam & Eve: “Most statistics show four to 10 as the average number of sexual partners for men and women; however, the ‘acceptable’ number varies from person to person.” Skyler adds: “Age, upbringing, religion and even geographical location play into what people determine as their ideal [number of sex partners] … Ultimately, there is no right or wrong answer.”

Adam & Eve’s director of marketing was quoted saying the brand “encourages adults to enjoy safe, healthy and fun sex lives within their own comfort zones.”

• 14 Natural Aphrodisiac Foods That Could Spark Romance
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• Here’s How Often You Need to Have Sex to Possibly Slow Down Aging
• Sex in Your 40s: 13 Things You Should Know

You’ve probably heard high blood pressure, or hypertension, is called a “silent killer,” and that’s for good reason. When the blood pumping through your body is pressing too hard against blood vessel walls, it can put your life at risk—but the condition is often asymptomatic, giving you no clues you’re in danger. Hypertension is also one of the largest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke, the former of which is the leading cause of death around the world according to the World Health Organization.

Though it’s silent but deadly, high blood pressure is largely preventable with a healthy diet and getting regular exercise are two habits doctors widely recommend. In the U.S., doctors widely recommend a blood pressure of 120/80 as the safe zone to aim for.

But globally, that “ideal” metric varies, as two Korean medical researchers point out in a new study. For example, American and Taiwanese guidelines recommend a target systolic blood pressure level—or the top number in a blood pressure reading, which shows the pressure at which blood is leaving the heart—of less than 130 mmHg. (mmHg is the unit of measurement for blood pressure, measuring amount of mercury per millimeter. Meanwhile, diastolic blood pressure reveals the pressure of blood vessels when the heart is at rest between beats.) However, guidelines issued in Europe and China suggest a target systolic blood pressure level range between 130 and 139 mmHg and advise against it dropping below 130 mmHg.

A new retrospective cohort study published in JMIR Public Health & Surveillance sought to identify that golden number by analyzing data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. The researchers included data from 68,901 Korean patients older than 65 years who were newly diagnosed with hypertension, had at least one NHIS check-up between 2003-2004, and had at least two check-ups during the follow-up period through 2020.

The researchers divided the participants by the 10 mmHg increment range of their systolic blood pressure levels at the first check-up:

• Less than 120 mmHg: 5,666 participants
• 120-129 mmHg: 17,236 participants
• 130-139 mmHg: 25,277 participants
• 140-149 mmHg: 14,299 participants
• 150-159 mmHg: 4663 participants
• At least 160 mmHg: 1760 participants

During the follow-up period, the researchers recorded the number of deaths in each group due to cardiovascular disease:

• Less than 120 mm Hg: 437 participants (7.7%)
• 120-129 mm Hg: 984 participants (5.7%)
• 130-139 mm Hg: 1,408 participants (5.6%)
• 140-149 mm Hg: 912 participants (6.4%)
• 150-159 mm Hg: 364 participants (7.8%)
• At least 160 mm Hg:  168 participants (9.5%)

…as well as deaths that occurred due to other health complications:

• Less than 120 mm Hg: 3,262 participants (57.6%)
• 120-129 mm Hg: 7,641 participants (44.3%)
• 130-139 mm Hg:10,833 participants (42.9%)
• 140-149 mm Hg: 6,862 participants (48.0%)
• 150-159 mm Hg: 2,745 participants (58.9%)
• At least 160 mm Hg: 1,245 participants (70.7%)

These findings revealed that participants with systolic blood pressure levels between 120 and 139 mmHg experienced the lowest rates of all-cause mortality, as well as the lowest rate of deaths related to cardiovascular disease.

According to the researchers, most guidelines for managing hypertension do not currently include a safe lower limit for blood pressure. However, this study also suggests that there could be a minimum recommended systolic blood pressure level for people with hypertension, as rates of all-cause mortality and deaths from cardiovascular disease rose for participants with a reading below 120 mmHg.

There’s a certain level of assurance you feel when you get that prescription in hand for the hormone replacement supplement your doctor has prescribed. When a medical doctor determines this is an appropriate treatment, the patient probably looks forward to relief from both the obvious and insidious menopause symptoms, such as more reliable sleep, changes in the complexion, and even a less active bladder, not to mention the potential for trimming down and seeing key health metrics like cholesterol improve.

Estrogen, often referred to as “estradiol” in the clinical setting, is arguably the most commonly known hormone replacement intervention. Research has shown that in many cases, it’s also among the most helpful. Estrogen supplementation can be delivered via pills, topical gels or creams, injections, sprays, and patches; the last of which can eliminate some worry of forgetting to self-administer a dose.

However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, has announced the recall of 34,800 transdermal (topical skin) patches containing estrogen. Both are to be administered twice weekly, but the dosage amounts between the two differ.

Details to identify the recalled estrogen patches are as follows:

• Estradiol Transdermal System, USP
  • 0.025mg/day (13,440 units recalled)
  • Rx Only
  • Manufactured by: Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
  • Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc., Pennington, NJ 08534
  • NDC (National Drug Code): 70710-1191-8
  • Lot number M311202 with Expiration Date of 2/25
  • Lot number M311201 with Expiration Date of 1/25

• Estradiol Transdermal System, USP, 0.0375mg/day (21,360 units recalled)
  • Rx Only
  • Manufactured by: Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
  • Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc., Pennington, NJ 08534
  • NDC (National Drug Code): 70710-1192-8
  • Lot number M311202 with Expiration Date of 2/25
  • Lot number M311201 with Expiration Date of 1/25

Distribution of both products is reportedly “nationwide within the United States.”

The cited reason for the recall is “failed impurities/degradation specifications.” A review of an FDA document on identifying drug impurities and degradations suggests either exposure to environmental factors such as light or extreme temperature may have affected the actual amount of estradiol in the product, factors may have caused another chemical change in the product, or simply an impurity “that is not the drug substance,” in this case estradiol, was found to be present.

After the recall was first initiated on May 16, this week the FDA categorized this as a Class III recall, which suggests they do not see exposure to this as life-threatening or extremely hazardous to consumers.

This follows last week’s report of a popular weight loss and diabetes drug that was also recalled following apparent nationwide distribution.

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• 2 Over-the-Counter Pain Creams Recalled Nationwide
• 2 Sunscreen Brands Have Recalled 20,000 Products Sold Nationwide
• More Than 200,000 Kitchen Appliances Recalled by 2 Major Brands
• What Is a Recall, and Why Do They Happen? An Expert Explains

Whether it’s for commuting, exercising, or a little background enjoyment while you work, headphones and earbuds have become nearly as essential to our daily routines as the smartphones they often connect to. But if you’ve ever wondered if one is better than the other when it comes to your health, experts weigh in with a resounding yes. Some sources suggest that these devices can harbor bacteria levels up to 2,700 times greater than those found on an average cutting board and 330 times more than on a kitchen countertop. Maybe it’s no wonder some doctors are saying ear infections have increased in the past couple years.

Ahead, we share insights from audiologists and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) MDs to uncover critical health differences between earbuds and headphones—and whether there is a cleaner, safer choice for your unique ears.

How To Clean AirPods (and How Often You Should Clean Them)

Earbuds vs. headphones: Which is more sanitary?

The level of sanitation between earbuds and headphones largely depends on their design and how they are used. Earbuds, which are inserted directly into the ear canal, create an enclosed environment that can foster bacterial growth and facilitate the transfer of microbes. Katie Dease, AuD, an audiologist with the Mayo Clinic, notes that earbuds contaminated with bacteria can introduce these organisms into the ear, potentially leading to infections like swimmer’s ear.

Headphones, on the other hand, rest on the outer ear and do not penetrate as deeply, reducing direct contact with the sensitive inner ear areas. However, this does not automatically make headphones a more sanitary option. Both devices collect sweat, skin cells, and sebum. The key to maintaining hygiene with either device is regular cleaning with appropriate solutions—alcohol wipes are a good option—and keeping them dry and stored properly when not in use.

Also, you should never share your earbuds with anyone. “You are introducing new and more numerous amounts of bacteria into your ear,” says Abbas Anwar, MD, board-certified otolaryngologist at Pacific Neuroscience Institute. “Also,” Dr. Anwar adds, “you probably don’t know if your friend has kept their earbuds clean. They can pick up all sorts of bacteria from different surfaces such as tables and purses, and these new ‘foreign’ bacteria can lead to infections in your ear.”

Earbuds vs. headphones: Which is more damaging to your hearing?

Regarding potential damage to our ears, both devices carry risks if not used properly. The most significant concern is noise-induced hearing loss, which can occur from listening to loud volumes for prolonged periods. This danger is due to the damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear, which are crucial for hearing. “They don’t regenerate. So you want to hang on to every little hair cell in the inner ear you can,” explains Colin Driscoll, MD, board-certified otolaryngologist, subspecialty certification in neurotology, and current chair of the department of otolaryngology at the Mayo Clinic.

Earbuds are particularly concerning because they deliver sound directly into the ear canal, intensifying the sound pressure. In contrast, headphones spread the sound more externally, potentially reducing the direct pressure on the eardrum. However, both devices should be used responsibly—this means keeping the volume at an appropriate level and taking regular breaks to give your ears time to recover.

Safe listening includes factoring in decibels and time. The higher the decibels, the less time you can listen safely at that level. “Listening at 80% volume for a maximum of 90 minutes at a time is the general rule of thumb,” advises Sharon Sandridge, PhD, audiologist and emeritus staff at the Cleveland Clinic. “It really is an inverse relationship between how long and how loud. If you are listening for over 90 minutes, the volume should be reduced so that the longer you listen, the lower the volume.” She also notes that if someone standing an arm’s length away can hear the music from your headphones or earbuds, or if you have to raise your voice to speak while listening, the volume is too loud.

Another expert suggestion is to follow what some experts call the “60/60” rule: Use earbuds for no more than 60 minutes at a time and keep the volume under 60% of the maximum. After that, take at least a 60-minute break before using them again.

Earbuds vs. headphones: Which is better for working out?

Choosing the right audio equipment for workouts is crucial for those leading active lifestyles. Here, earbuds often have the upper hand: Many are specifically designed for exercise, offering features like sweat resistance and a secure fit that can handle vigorous movement without falling out.

While headphones sometimes offer better sound quality and battery life, they can be bulky and less resistant to heavy sweat. They might also not stay securely in place during high-impact activities like running or jumping.

Dr. Sandridge points out an important safety concern regarding isolating earbuds: These devices come with rubber tips that seal off the ear canal, offering excellent sound isolation. However, this isolation can become a hazard for runners or cyclists who must remain aware of their surroundings.

Earbuds vs. headphones: Which causes earwax build-up?

Both earbuds and headphones can contribute to earwax build-up, but earbuds are particularly problematic because they are inserted into the ear canal. Brian Taylor, AuD, an audiologist and senior director of audiology at Signia, explains: “Individuals that regularly use earbuds tend to have increased issues with occlusive wax build-up because of frequent earbud insertion, increasing the chances of pushing wax deeper into the canal.”

For those experiencing wax occlusion due to earbuds, Dr. Taylor recommends switching to circum-aural headphones. These headphones envelop the ears rather than entering the ear canal, which minimizes pressure on the ear canal and decreases the risk of wax impaction.

Is it safe to wear noise-canceling earbuds or headphones all day?

While noise-canceling earbuds and headphones are great for minimizing background noise and improving focus and relaxation, wearing them for too long at high volumes can strain your ears and may cause long-term hearing damage. Additionally, wearing these devices for prolonged periods can trap moisture in the ears, creating an ideal environment for bacteria to grow.

Taking regular breaks, limiting high-volume listening, and maintaining good hygiene with noise-canceling devices is important. This not only protects your ear’s health, but can also prolong the period of time your headphones or earbuds will stay functional.

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• Expert Doctors Say Your Gym May Be Causing a Silent Health Problem
• Here’s How Often You Should Really Clean Your Ears, According to Expert Ear Doctors
• 10 Ways to Deal With Psoriasis in Your Ears
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If you’ve been trying to conceive or preparing for IVF, it’s possible you’ve explored everything from blood tests ordered by a reproductive specialist to acupuncture, herbs, and other Eastern medicine modalities. If so, maybe you’ve learned how traditional Chinese medicine, often abbreviated to TCM, considers the blood, heart, liver and spleen to be the body parts that principally govern fertility.

If so, it’s possible you’ve wondered: What happens outside the reproductive system that affects our ability to conceive? A new study narrows in on alcohol in a way that helps reveal why diet and lifestyle changes are essential not only after you’ve conceived, but as you’re preparing to, also.

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The review sheds light on consequences drinking can have on reproductive health related to the ways alcohol affects, the liver, gut, hormones, and systemically. Published June 9, 2024 in Animal Models and Experimental Medicine and led by medical researchers in Malaysia, the review examined more than 100 existing pieces of research to find: “[…A]lcohol negatively affects reproductive health by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, causing infertility in both men and women.”

The team explains that our bodies break down alcohol through oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. On the oxidative pathway, an enzyme in the liver called “alcohol dehydrogenase” breaks down the alcohol into a harmful substance called acetaldehyde, which can damage cells and tissues and lead to inflammation, heightened cancer risk and organ enlargement.

On the non-oxidative pathway, enzymes CYP2E1 and catalase process alcohol in organs such as the brain, heart and lungs, according to the review. The enzyme CYP2E1 can disrupt the effectiveness of medications and also increase cancer risk if combined with substances like tobacco.

This can lead people with female reproductive organs to experience hormonal imbalances that disrupt menstruation, ovulation, and fertility, potentially triggering early menopause. For people with male reproductive organs, alcohol reduces hormone levels crucial for sperm production and sexual function, which may lead to issues like erectile dysfunction and male factor infertility. Both sexes also experience oxidative stress from alcohol, which can harm reproductive cells even further.

Gut health also comes into play—reports the research team: “Alcohol-induced dysbiosis in gut microbes heightens gut wall permeability to [pathogens], leading to liver cell infection and subsequent inflammation.”

The researchers also found that if an individual regularly consumes alcohol over a long period of time, it can cause their body to overproduce the enzymes that break down the alcohol, leading to a constant state of damage and inflammation. This can eventually lead to ongoing cellular stress and damage that can inhibit fertility.

The researchers conclude: “These findings underscore the profound health concerns associated with alcohol-induced damage.” They add that the research demonstrates “the intricate interplay” between the immune system and organs we might not think of as being susceptible to alcohol-related damage.

• 5 Signs Your Liver Is Healing From Alcohol, from Expert Doctors
• These Are the 6 Best Foods for People Trying to Get Pregnant, Say Experts
• This Is the #1 Best Pregnancy Diet for Your Baby’s Health, Says New Study
• When You Need to Unwind: 10 Healthy Alternatives to Booze

On the road, there are times those paper- or cellophane-wrapped ready-to-eat sandwiches in the convenience store chilled case or under the heat lamp seem to be the only option. On Tuesday, June 11, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published an alert that if you’ve experienced symptoms after purchasing this category of food as far back as last year, that may have been due to a listeriosis infection.

Western Ohio-based Classic Delight LLC has issued a voluntary recall of more than two dozen such sandwiches “after environmental samples tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes.” The Cleveland Clinic says processed meats are among the top hosts of food borne Listeria exposure, which can result in symptoms such as, but not limited to, fever, chills, diarrhea, confusion, muscle aches, and more. The onset of these symptoms “usually takes one to two weeks, but it can be as short as a couple of days or as long as three months,” the Cleveland Clinic says.

The affected products include the following, accompanied by what the FDA lists as identifying codes—including one branded under the as-seen-on-television diet food brand, Nutrisystem:

• 7060 Classic Delight Twin Chili Cheese Dog
• 514713 Wakefield Charbroiled Cheeseburger
• 311 Classic Delight Turkey Ham and Cheese Sub
• 551697 Wakefield Ham Cheddar Pretzel Croissant
• 314 Classic Delight Turkey Cheese Sub
• 648899 Wakefield Chorizo Egg Ciabatta
• 6731 Classic Delight Turkey Cheese Round
• 806604 Wakefield Ham Egg Cheese Muffin
• 6757 Classic Delight Twin Breaded Chicken Sliders
• 806612 Wakefield Ham Egg Cheese Croissant
• 7626 Classic Delight Breaded Chicken Waffle
• 806620 Wakefield Bacon Egg and Cheese Bagel
• 806638 Wakefield Sausage Egg and Cheese Biscuit
• 176586 Wakefield Pretzel Bacon Angus Cheeseburger
• 806646 Wakefield Sausage Egg and Cheese Muffin
• 176594 Wakefield Southern Chicken Biscuit
• 806653 Wakefield Bacon Cheeseburger
• 195263 Wakefield Spicy Hawaiian Sliders
• 806661 Wakefield Blazin Chicken
• 514711 Wakefield Bacon Egg and Cheese Bagel
• 806679 Wakefield Charbroiled Cheeseburger
• 514712 Wakefield Sausage Egg and Cheese Biscuit
• 806687 Wakefield Chicken and Cheese
• 942821 Wakefield Sausage Egg Pancake

The FDA’s alert states that the affected foods were shipped to distributors located in Arkansas, California, Maryland, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. It’s not clear whether the products were distributed beyond those points, except that the alert states the foods “may end up in food service distribution, convenience stores and vending.” It’s said the products were produced between May 11, 2023 and June 6, 2024.

The alert adds that if you’ve purchased any of these products, either discard or return them to the place of purchase for a full refund. Contact information published for Classic Delight LLC is (419)-300-3202 or [email protected].

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• A Sought-After Weight-Loss & Diabetes Drug Has Been Recalled Nationwide
• 2 Over-the-Counter Pain Creams Recalled Nationwide
• More Than 20,000 Pounds of Meat Recalled in 4 States
• More Than 2,000 Products Recalled by Popular Meal Delivery Service
• What Is a Recall, and Why Do They Happen? An Expert Explains

Testosterone is the key hormone responsible for developing male sex characteristics, such as facial hair and a deeper voice, and it plays a pivotal role in muscle mass and sexual function in both men and women.

Over the past few decades, research has shown a subtle yet steady decline in testosterone levels among men, a trend documented since the 1980s and highlighted by a 2021 study in the peer-reviewed journal European Urology Focus. This study, which analyzed testosterone levels in adolescent and young adult men from a U.S. national database, revealed a consistent drop in average total testosterone over the past 20 years—a decline that correlates with rising body mass index. Despite this trend, testosterone levels have not yet dipped to clinically low ranges across the population, but they are inching closer to that point each year.

So, what’s driving this downward trend? While some factors are beyond individual control, lifestyle choices significantly contribute. Conditions like diabetes and obesity are closely linked to lower testosterone levels. Data show that another increasingly common concern seems to be whether sexual activities like masturbation and ejaculation decrease testosterone levels and lead to hormonal imbalances in males. In short, research in this area does not support the idea that these activities impact testosterone levels over the longterm.

Keep reading for more, as researchers and experts Lawrence Hawkim, MD, a board-certified urologist at the Cleveland Clinic, Kevin Pantalone, DO, a board-certified endocrinologist at the Cleveland Clinic, and Jessica Shepherd, MD, MBA, FACOG, board-certified OB/GYN and thought leader on menopause, speak to the science between masturbation and testosterone levels.

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Does masturbation affect testosterone levels?

While masturbation does influence testosterone, it does not decrease these levels, according to Cleveland Clinic urologist Dr. Hawkim. He says masturbation neither triggers hypogonadism (low testosterone or “low T”) nor impacts long-term testosterone levels. However, Dr. Hawkim says, its short-term effects are still under investigation.

Researchers in Germany, focusing on molecular and cellular sports medicine and cardiovascular research, also investigated this subject. Their 2021 study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Basic and Clinical Andrology, suggests that masturbating before strength training could actually lead to a temporary boost in testosterone levels, aiding in muscle growth. Further studies are necessary to solidify these findings.

Testosterone is also essential for females, particularly postmenopausal women. Dr. Shepherd explains that reductions in testosterone, along with decreases in estrogen and progesterone during menopause, “impact the physical response as well as the psychological response” surrounding sexual activity. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and considering hormone supplementation can be important for women during this transition.

An article published in The Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2021 found that higher testosterone levels in women are associated with increased libido and more frequent masturbation or sexual activity, and, like in men, the long-term effects of masturbation on testosterone levels appear negligible.

Although further research is necessary to fully understand the specific effects of various sexual activities like masturbation on testosterone levels, current scientific evidence and expert consensus indicate that masturbation does not cause a long-term decrease in testosterone levels.

What decreases testosterone?

According to the American Urology Association (AUA), low blood testosterone is defined as levels below 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). Dr. Hakim notes that “anything that negatively affects overall health can diminish testosterone levels.”

Here are several factors that commonly lead to decreased testosterone:

What are the signs of low testosterone?

Low T can present through various symptoms. Here are some typical signs to be aware of:

• Reduced sex drive
• Erectile dysfunction
• Fatigue
• Mood changes
• Reduced muscle mass
• Increased body fat
• Decreased bone density
• Difficulty concentrating
• Hair loss
• Reduced semen volume

How can I increase my testosterone?

Boosting your testosterone is largely about embracing a healthier lifestyle.

Dr. Pantalone explains, “It’s normal for a person to experience a drop in testosterone as they age, but we’re seeing that process accelerated in more recent times because of poor overall health.”

Here are some effective strategies to enhance your hormonal health:

• Exercise more: Regular physical activity, especially strength training and high-intensity interval training, can boost testosterone levels.

• Eat healthy: Focus on a balanced diet rich in proteins, healthy fats, and whole grains. Foods like eggs, leafy greens, and fatty fish are particularly beneficial. Avoid excess alcohol, smoking, and substance use.

• Get quality sleep and manage stress: Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night and explore stress reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.

If you’re concerned about your testosterone levels or are experiencing symptoms such as fatigue or low libido, consult your healthcare provider. They can perform tests to determine the cause, which may be linked to low testosterone or another health issue. They can also discuss if you need testosterone replacement therapy if levels are significantly low due to medical conditions.

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• Is Masturbation Addiction Real? What Experts Want You to Know
• Here’s How Long Masturbation Should Last, Say Sexual Health Experts
• This Is How Often Most People Masturbate, Say Doctors & Recent Data
• What Masturbation Does to Your Brain